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1 ὀδάξ
Grammatical information: adv.Meaning: `with the teeth, to clench ones teeth' ( ὀδὰξ ἐν χείλεσι φύντες α 381 = σ 410 = υ 268; also Com., e.g. Ar. V. 164 διατρώξομαι τοίνυν ὀδὰξ τὸ δίκτυον); perh. in diff. meanings at three places of the Il. (e.g. Λ 749 ὀδὰξ ἕλον οὖδας; cf Χ 17, Β 418), cf. below.Derivatives: Beside it three verbs: 1. ὀδακ-τάζω (Call., A. R.), - τίζω (D. H.) `to bite, to gnaw' (cf. λακτίζω: λάξ); ἀδακτῶ κνήθομαι H. 2. ὀδάξ-ομαι, -ω, - άομαι (- έομαι), - άω, also ἀδάξομαι, - άομαι, fut. - ήσομαι, perf. ptc. ὠδαγμένος (S.), aor. ὠδάξατο (AP); ὠδάγμην ἐκνησάμην H. `to scratch oneself, to be itching, to be scratchy, to itch, to scratch, to gnaw'; ὀδάξει τοῖς ὀδοῦσι δάκνει H.; ὀδαγμός (ἀ-, S. Tr. 770), ὀδαξ-ησμός (Hp., Ph., Plu.) `itch', - ητικός (Poll.), - ώδης (Aret.) `scratchy, to cause itch'. -- 3. ἀδαχεῖ `scratches, itches' (Ar. Fr. 410), ἀδαχᾳ̃ κνᾳ̃, κνήθει κεφαλήν, ψηλαφᾳ̃ H.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Both ὀδακ-τάζω, - τίζω and ὀδάξει in H. can be derived from ὀδάξ `with the teeth'. But the earlier and better attested ὀδάξ-ομαι, - άομαι as well as ἀδαχ-εῖ, -ᾳ̃ deviate considerably in meaning. As for the oldest attestations of ὀδάξ (Il.) a meaning `with the teeth' is not directly evident (but it seems possible), Bechtel Lex. wants to render ὀδάξ in these places after ὀδάξομαι with `itching, scratching'; agreeing Wackernagel Unt. 157, WP. 1, 791, Hofmann Et. Wb. The later meaning `with the teeth' would have arisen from a folketymological connection with ὀδών and δάκνω. (The connection suggested by Bechtel (after Fick) with Germ., e.g. Os. bi-tengi `nahe an einen rührend' a.o. is not convincing however; cf. WP. l.c.) -- Whether ὀδάξ, if orig. `biting together, with the teeth' (on -ξ cf. λάξ w. lit.), started from ὀδών in connection with δάκνω or, the other way round, from δάκνω in connection with ὀδών, can hardly be decided; cf. beside the lit. in Bq and Bechtel also Güntert Reimwortbildungen 153, Winter Prothet. Vokal 22. Bechtel Lex. and Schwyzer-Debrunner 491 assume a prefix ὀ-, not very convincingly. The forms with ἀ- may rest on vowelassimilation (Schmidt KZ 32, 391 f.); the aspiration in ἀδαχ-ᾳ̃, - εῖ must not be explained as analogical (Schmidt l.c.; rejected by Bechtel). Cf. s.v. ἀδαγμός. So we can conclude that the orig. reading was ἀδαγ-; as the word was less well known, it was at one time replaced by ὀδ-.Page in Frisk: 2,348-349Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ὀδάξ
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2 ὀδάξ
ὀδάξ, Adv.A by biting with the teeth, ὀ. ἕλον οὖδας, of men in the agonies of death, Il.11.749, etc. ; soὀ. λαζοίατο γαῖαν 2.418
;γαῖαν ὀ. ἑλόντες E.Ph. 1423
; also ὀ. ἐν χείλεσι φύντες biting the lips in smothered rage, Od.1.381 : so in Com.,ἀποδάκνειν ὀ. Cratin.164
;διατρώξομαι ὀ. τὸ δίκτυον Ar.V. 164
; ὀ. ἔχεσθαι ib. 943 ; :— if κυνὸς ἄγριον ὀδάξ be correct in Diog.Cyn. ap. D.L.6.79, ὀδάξ must be taken either as tooth or as bite. -
3 φύω
φύω, ipf. φύεν, fut. φύσει, aor. 1 ἔφῦσε, aor. 2 ἔφῦν, φῦ, part. φύντες, perf. πέφῦκα, 3 pl. - ασι (not - ᾶσι), πεφύᾶσι, subj. πεφύκῃ, part. πεφυῖα, πεφυῶτας, πεφῦκότας, plup. πεφύκει, mid. φύονται, ipf. φύοντο: I. trans., pres. (exc. once), fut., and aor. 1 act., make to grow, produce; φύλλα, τρίχας, Α 23, Od. 10.393. — II. intrans., mid., perf., and aor. 2 act., grow; phrases, ὀδὰξ ἐν χείλεσι φύντες, ‘biting their lips’; ἐν δ' ἄρα οἱ φῦ χειρί, ‘grasped,’ ‘pressed’ his hand; the pres. act. is once used intransitively, Il. 6.149.A Homeric dictionary (Greek-English) (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ομηρικό λεξικό) > φύω
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4 ἐμφύω
A implant, θεὸς δέ μοι ἐν φεσὶν οῐμας παντοίας ἐνέφυσεν planted them in my soul, Od.22.348;ἐμφῦσαι ἔρωτά τινι X.Mem.1.4.7
; νόον τινί Eleg. ap. Ath.7.337f, cf. Ph.1.631,al.II [voice] Pass., with [tense] pf. ἐμπέφῡκα and [tense] aor. 2 ἐνέφῡν: [tense] pf. subj.ἐμπεφύῃ Thgn.396
:1 grow in or on, τινί, ὅθι τε τρίχες ἱππων κρανίῳ ἐμπεφύασι ([dialect] Ep. for ἐμπεφύκασι) Il.8.84;τὰ ἐμφυόμενα Hp.
Aër.5; ἐμφύεσθαι ἐν [ νήσῳ] Hdt.2.156: hence of qualities, φθόνος ἀρχῆθεν ἐμφύεται ἀνθρώπῳ is implanted in him, Id.3.80; ᾧ (sc. μάντει)τἀληθὲς ἐμπέφυκεν S.OT 299
;τὸ πιστὸν ἐμφῦναι φρενί Id.OC 1488
;πάντ' ἐμπέφυκε τῷ γήρᾳ κακά Id.Fr. 949
;τὸ μῶρον γυναιξὶν ἐμπέφυκε E.Hipp. 967
; οὐδεὶς Χαρακτὴρ ἐμπέφυκε σώματι is set by nature on the body, Id.Med. 519;κακία τῇ πόλει ἐμφύεται X.Mem.3.5.17
, etc.: the [tense] pf. part. abs., innate,νόσημα πόλεως ἐ. Pl. Lg. 736a
, cf. 863b.2 to be rooted in, cling closely, ὣς ἔχετ' ἐμπεφῠυῖα ([dialect] Ep. part. ) she hung on clinging, Il.1.513; ἔν τ' ἄρα οἱ φῦ Χειρί clung fast to his hand, clasped his hand tight, as a warm greeting, 6.253, etc.;ἔφυν ἐν Χερσί Od.10.397
;ἐν Χείρεσσι φύοντο 24.410
; so χεῖρες.. ἐμπεφυκυῖαι ἦσαν τοῖσι ἐπισπαστῆρσι stuck fast to the handles, Hdt.6.91;ἐμφύντε τῷ φύσαντι S.OC 1113
, cf.E. Ion 891 (anap.); ὀδὰξ ἐν Χείλεσι φύντες biting the lips hard, in suppressed anger, Od.1.381, 18.410, 20.268 (so ἐμφῦσαι ὀδόντας to fix the teeth in, Ael.NA14.8);ἀμὺξ ἐμφῦναι Nic.Th. 131
: c. gen., D.H.11.31 (s.v.l.): abs.,ἐμφύς Hdt.3.109
;ἐμφὺς ὡς βδέλλα Theoc.2.56
; ἐμπεφυκὼς πόνος fixed pain, Archig. ap. Gal.8.110.3 metaph., cling to,ταῖς ἐλπίσι καὶ ταῖς παρασκευαῖς Plu.2.342c
;τοῖς ἠθικοῖς καὶ πολιτικοῖς δόγμασι Id.Cat.Mi. 4
;τοῖς πολεμίοις Id.Nic.14
;τὴν πόλιν ἀφέντας -φῦναι ταῖς ναυσίν Id.Them.9
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